Mist of Avalon by Marion Zimmer Bradley - 525 Words

Mist of Avalon breaks through many stereotypes but also strengthens some in some ways. One stereotype that was torn down was that women are not as strong as men. This is proved to be wrong when they have Morgaine fighting men and actually being victorious. This movie also breaks the stereotype that women can’t be in power. Most women in this movie hold very high positions. For example, Viviane is the high goddess of Avalon. Also Morgaine is her second in command. Although this movie breaks some stereotypes it also reinforces them by putting the blame on a women for not being able to give the king an heir. Although in this case it really is her fault nobody knows this information and automatically blames her. These are just a few of the reasons that Mist of Avalon strengthens and breaks through common stereotypes. In Mist of Avalon Gwenhwyfar is a sympathetic character because she has so much going against her. Although she does have her own wrong doings they are acted on out of hurt. For example, she is cursed with not being able to give the king an heir and this causes turmoil in their marriage. Also in the end she gets even more bad things thrown her way and then repents for her sins and ends things with Lancelot. The film doesn’t treat physical beauty in a positive or negative way. It is very neutral about outer beauty compared to inner. This can be proved because Morgos was pretty but she was an evil person and both Viviane and Morgaine weren’t the mostShow MoreRelated The Mists of Avalon, by Marion Zimmer Bradley Essay1310 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mists of Avalon, by Marion Zimmer Bradley The Mists of Avalon, by Marion Zimmer Bradley, is not only an example of a Medieval Romance, but also tells the story of the women who stood behind King Arthur during his infamous reign in the Middle Ages. The term â€Å"Medieval Romance† does not necessarily mean that the piece using it contains any sort of romance. There are three criteria that must be meet to form a Medieval Romance. (1) The plot must divide into sharply separate episodes that often doRead MoreThe Robert De Boron s Prose Merlin1368 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent eras. The ideas of war, loyalty, and religion are common themes that run through the stories of Robert de Boron’s Prose Merlin, Sir Thomas Malory’s Le Mort d’Arthur, T.H. White’s The Once and Future king, as well the the The Mists of Avalon by Marion Zimmer Bradley. The legacy of the Arthurian legend captivates many audiences and has been told numerous times. In The Once and Future King by T.H White, Arthur experiences being different animals which teach him lessons about war. In every versionRead MoreEssay The Mists Of Avalon1035 Words   |  5 PagesDevotion, Love, Despair and Betrayal nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Mists of Avalon throws the throbbing pulse of femininity into the reader’s face. It expels a truth which can be felt through every sentence, paragraph and chapter. It is a grouping of heartwarming characters, horrifying plot twists and several tragedies surrounding many different themes. The Mists of Avalon becomes a legend seen through new eyes, with details, majestic language, and haunting foreshadowingRead MoreThe Depiction of Morgan Le Fay in Various Accounts of The Arthurian Legend2196 Words   |  9 PagesDepiction of Morgan Le Fay in Various Accounts of The Arthurian Legend Morgaine speaks.... In my time I have been called many things: sister, lover, priestess, wise-woman, queen. So begins Marion Zimmer Bradleys account of the Arthurian legend, which places unusual emphasis on the character of Morgaine, otherwise known as Morgan Le Fay. But who exactly is Morgan and how does she vary in the different accounts of the Arthurian legend? InRead MoreKing Arthur Literary Analysis3547 Words   |  15 Pagesempire to Norway, Denmark and Gaul, and defeats Roman armies in order to do this. In the end, Arthur returns to Britain to defeat his nephew Modredus (Mordred) who was left in charge of Britain but betrayed Arthur. Arthur is mortally wounded, taken to Avalon and it is implied he passed away. Arthurian legend, however, is not only about Arthur. There are many huge characters in the stories. One widely known knight is Sir Lancelot du Lac. Lancelot is a tragic figure in Arthurian Romance. He was a KnightRead More The Mists Of Avalon: The Women Behind King Arthur Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pages The Mists of Avalon: The Women Behind King Arthur nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Mists of Avalon, by Marion Zimmer Bradley, is not only an example of a Medieval Romance, but also tells the story of the women who stood behind King Arthur during his infamous reign in the Middle Ages. This novel explains the reasoning and decisions that Arthur made in the womens perspective. The Mists of Avalon is a twist on the Arthurian tales as told by the four women instrumental to the story: GwenhwyfarRead MoreThe Mists of Avalon: the Women Behind King Arthur1690 Words   |  7 PagesThe Mists of Avalon: The Women Behind King Arthur Kate Wrigley period 3 The Mists of Avalon, by Marion Zimmer Bradley, is not only an example of a Medieval Romance, but also tells the story of the women who stood behind King Arthur during his infamous reign in the Middle Ages. This novel explains the reasoning and decisions that Arthur made in the womens perspective. The Mists of Avalon is a twist on the Arthurian tales as told by the four women instrumental to the story: Gwenhwyfar, hisRead MoreMovie Review : The Mists Of Avalon Essay1631 Words   |  7 PagesThe Mists of Avalon Most people have heard the story of King Arthur and Camelot, most have probably heard several stories that focus on different views, different events, but for the most part the story remains the similar. Ask those same people how many Arthurian movies have you seen again many have been made and most stay along the same path, save for one, The Mists of Avalon takes us on a whole new version of the story coming from the often portrayed villainess Morgaine La Faye. With Mists of AvalonRead MorePublic Transportation And Its Effects On The United States841 Words   |  4 Pagesinto his pants, pulled out his shockingly large erect penis, and begun to masturbate and giggle. She’d quickly returned her gaze to the open book on her lap—a book she always carried but seldom actually read, a tattered copy of The Mists of Avalon by Marion Zimmer-Bradley. She had gotten off at the next stop to wait on the dark street corner for the next, hopefully pervert-free bus. She had had her wa llet stolen out of her zipped purse on a crowded bus, been pressed up against more foul smelling peopleRead MoreMorgan Le Fay5287 Words   |  22 Pagesfrom the Battle of Camlan on Salisbury Plain, and returned with him to the holy Isle of Avalon to heal him, for he is the Once and Future King, destined to return from the timeless fairy island when Britain is in need of him. Marian Zimmer Bradley rescues Morgan le Fay from the Medieval sources, and tells the story from Morgan’s own point of view, as recently seen in the excellent movie, The Mists of Avalon, based on her novel. Celtic Story Morgan was a Celtic Queen. One of the definitions of

Frederick Douglass Essay - 691 Words

Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass was one of the most important black leaders of the Antislavery movement. He was born in 1817 in Talbot County, MD. He was the son of Harriet Bailey and an unknown white man. His mother was a slave so therefore he was born a slave. He lived with his grandparents until the age of eight, so he never knew his mother well. When he turned eight, he was sent to Aunt Kathy, a woman who took care of slave children on the plantation of Colonel Edward Lloyd. When he was nine, he was sent to Baltimore where he lived with Mr. and Mrs. Hugh Auld. He started to study reading with Mrs. Auld but Mr. Auld forbid it. However, he still managed to learn anyway. To cause him to comply with slavery more easily, Mr.†¦show more content†¦His speech made a deep impression, and the society hired him as a full-time speaking agent. He spoke at many conventions and spoke against slavery and the rights of free blacks. Sometimes white mobs broke up his conventions but he continued as a l ecturer. He soon became on of the leading black abolitionists and on of the most famous lecturers of that time period. As his speeches grew became more cultivated, people began to doubt that he was ever a slave. So he wrote an autobiography entitled Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass in 1845. In this book he described every detail of his life as a slave. He then later wrote two more autobiographies entitled My Bondage and My Freedom in 1855 and Life and Times of Frederick Douglass in 1882. Since his books were so greatly detailed, he was in danger of being recaptured. So he went away. He toured Britain for two years. While there he spoke against slavery and his speeches had as much impact on audiences as they did in the United States. He returned to the United States after his British friends acquired his freedom. Since blacks were considered inferior then, Douglass decided to start a newspaper of his own that was run entirely by blacks. Garrison complained saying that Doug lass talents as a speaker would be wasted. Yet in spite of Garrisons objections, Douglass moved to Rochester, N.Y., and started the weekly The North Star which was later changed to Frederick Douglass Paper. He continued toShow MoreRelatedTrickery in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass1880 Words   |  8 Pagesthus they do not survive. In Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass, Douglass harnesses the ability to conform to the world of trickery and conveys his journey to freedom. Through his appeal to pathos, use of dramatic asides, and application of anecdotes, Douglass expresses the necessity of slaves to play the game of trickery to survive in the world of tricksters. Effectively establishing an appeal to pathos, Douglass emphasize his raw emotions to the reader, allowing theRead MoreFrederick Douglass Essay817 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican-American man Frederick Douglass wrote his famous speech, â€Å"The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro†, America was in a time of great distress. It was the year 1852, and the view of abolitionists was quickly spreading. It was the time of both provocative literatures such as Uncle Tom’s Cabin, as well as important resolutions, such as the Dredd Scott decision, showing the contrast between views at the time, both positive and negative towards slavery. Frederick Douglass was a freed African-AmericanRead MoreFrederick Douglass : A Man949 Words   |  4 PagesDaniel Lee 12/6/15 Frederick Douglass Essay How did Frederick Douglass move from being a slave to a man? In Frederick Douglass’s autobiography, â€Å"Frederick Douglass,† Frederick Douglass, a black man born into slavery, went from being a slave to a man. His actions proved he was a man. Frederick Douglass was born into slavery in Tuckahoe, Maryland. Like many slaves, Frederick Douglass didn’t know his exact age or birthday, but he knew an estimate of his age. â€Å"I come to this, fromRead More Frederick Douglass Essays505 Words   |  3 Pages The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave is an account of Frederick Douglass’ life written in a very detached and objective tone. You might find this tone normal for a historical account of the events of someone’s life if not for the fact that the narrative was written by Frederick Douglass himself. In light of the fact that Douglass wrote his autobiography as a treatise in support of the abolishment of slavery, the removed tone was an effective tone. It gave force to hisRead MoreFrederick Douglass And Slavery.1438 Words   |  6 PagesFrederick Douglass and Slavery Frederick Douglass the most successful abolitionist who changed America’s views of slavery through his writings and actions. Frederick Douglass had many achievements throughout his life. His Life as a slave had a great impact on his writings. His great oratory skills left the largest impact on Civil War time period literature. All in all he was the best black speaker and writer ever. Douglass was born a slave in 1817, in Maryland. He educatedRead MoreEssay on Frederick Douglass658 Words   |  3 Pages Frederick Douglass nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Frederick Douglass was a man who was active until the day he died. Frederick Attended Anti-Slavery meetings and also attended meetings for Women?s rights. He believed everyone was equal it didnt matter if one was white, black, or green it also didnt matter what sex you were he believed everybody was equal. He achieved many things during his hard but great life. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Born on a plantation in Tuckahoe, near Easton, in TalbotRead MoreThe Slave By Frederick Douglass972 Words   |  4 Pagesthousands of years later. In â€Å"What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?† Frederick Douglass, a former slave, addresses an audience of white abolitionists on July 5th of 1852. He focuses on the disparity between the American values celebrated on the Independence Day and the issue of slavery. To do so, Douglass raises the question of to whom those values apply and explains why and how it should be different. Analyzing Douglass’ effort, we see that he is using arguments that trace back to the ancientRead MoreThe Narrative Of Frederick Douglass1835 Words   |  8 PagesIn Frederick Douglass article Figuring out how to Read and Write he clarifies the imperative part instruction plays in a man s life, and the things that you can achieve by figuring out how to peruse and compose. Figuring out how to make a contention did offer Douglass some assistance with obtaining his flexibility, as well as offered different slaves some assistance with getting their opportunity and annul subjugation. We can say that Douglass was fortunate he was taught by his paramour andRead MoreFrederick Douglass Essay559 Words   |  3 PagesFrederick Douglass Born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey on Marylands Eastern Shore in 1818, he was the son of a slave woman and, her white master. Upon his escape from slavery at age 20, he adopted the name of the hero of Sir Walter Scotts The Lady of the Lake. Douglass immortalized his years as a slave in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave (1845). This and two other autobiographies, My Bondage and My Freedom (1855) and The Life and Times of Frederick DouglassRead More Frederick Douglass Essay1311 Words   |  6 PagesIn Frederick Douglass autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, he writes about the inhumanity and brutality of slavery, with the intention of informing white, American colonists. Douglass is thought to be one of the greatest leaders of the abolition, which radically and dramatically changed the American way of life, thus revolutionizing America. Douglass changed America, and accomplished this through writing simply an d to the point about the reality of slavery

The Biased American Dream By James Truslow Adam - 1858 Words

â€Å"The Biased American Dream† The American Dream is a commonly known theme among the general population today. It states that with the right amount of work any US citizen can obtain success in their lives. This idea was popularized around 1930 with James Truslow Adam’s book â€Å"The Epic of America† bringing about the idea that there is opportunity for everyone in America if they can work hard enough.3 This idea of the American dream however began much earlier than the 20th century. Rather it began in the west in the 1800s as US citizens gained the ability to cross the frontier and begin completely new lives, whether those lives became advantageous or not. According to the American Dream the western settler’s level of work, not race or gender, would determine whether or not he or she became successful. However this was not the case. The American Dream of the 19th century is disparate from the one known today. Unlike Adam’s â€Å"American Dream† of the 1930s, this western  "American Dream† was heavily skewed towards white male, US citizen obtainment. This was because the main drive of the western frontier was for white male US citizens to profit from the newly obtained land and keep it for themselves thus fulfilling their new â€Å"American Dream.† In the mid19th century, economic opportunities existed in the Western Frontier of America, allowing people to go and accomplish their dreams if they had the motivation, but those opportunities were prohibitive for women, nonwhites, or non USShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream: A False Sense of Hope Essay1543 Words   |  7 Pages In an average day, an American is exposed to over 3000 advertisements, (Kilbourne). Whether they want to admit it or not, they are drawn toward them. A common scheme of the advertisers is to allow the consumer to â€Å"picture the new them.† Whether this be a wealthier them, a skinner them, or a prettier them, they gear there product towards every person and want everyone be able to connect with the advertisement and picture the â€Å"new them.† American Idol, Nutrisystem, and The Biggest LoserRead MorePsychology and Author’s Purpose in the Great Gatsby2923 Words   |  12 PagesGreat Gatsby It was 1931, six years after the publication of The Great Gatsby, when historian James Truslow Adams coined the term The American Dream (â€Å"The Epic of America†, 415). Yet, his was a new take on an old concept. F. Scott Fitzgerald did not have to wait for Adams to brilliantly propose that the ideal of social equality and the pursuit of Happiness is a dream like enterprise, which has little to do with reality (US 1776). In the 1920’s, reality was solid proof that the â€Å"pursuit

Legalizing Sport And Casino Betting - 945 Words

Every week between August and February, millions of average American citizens break the law. During this time, millions of people wager billions of dollars on football games. This culminates in February with the Super Bowl where more money is wagered than on any other sporting event in the world. The vast majority of people who place these wagers live in states where sport’s gambling has long been illegal. Even those seemingly innocent NCAA office pools or friend to friend sports wagers are against the law in most counties across the state. Surveys indicate that in many states, people are overwhelmingly in favor of legalizing sport and casino betting. However, state legislators continue to have great difficulty passing legislation to allow betting because the federal government and/or consumer groups that are opposed to any changes in the current law. In 2011, the citizens of New Jersey voted to allow citizens the right to bet on sporting events. The New Jersey legislator also passed an amendment making sports betting legal as well. However, the will of the people today is being nullified by a federal law passed over 20 years ago. In 1992, the federal government passed a law which essentially banned sports betting everywhere in the United States except the four states where gambling was already firmly entrenched (Nevada, Delaware, Oregon, and Montana). Now each time a state, in this case New Jersey, tries to pass some form of legislation to legalize gambling, organizationsShow MoreRelatedGambling Research Paper1427 Word s   |  6 Pagesa tax payer? Do you believe you pay too much in taxes? Well the amount of money that casinos and gambling bring into a state in taxes is a phenomenal amount. This could possible help lower your taxes and save you money. First, we are going to discuss what I believe to be the problem. Then, I would like to share with you what I think is the cause. Finally, I am going to inform you about the solution to legalizing gambling in the state of Nebraska. First, I would like to start with gambling not beingRead MoreThe American Gaming Association ( Aga )1465 Words   |  6 Pageswhere legal betting on sports can take place. Delaware and New Jersey have taken steps towards legalizing sport betting; however, many are against the legalization. Although some may argue that legalizing sport betting in all states will be beneficial to the economy, sport betting shouldn’t be legalized because it can lead to harmful addictions, criminal activity, and affects the integrity of sports in a negative way. Sport betting has been a part of many scandals in American sports. Athletes, coachesRead MoreCasinos Offer Many Things, To Different People. Most People1023 Words   |  5 Pages Casinos offer many things, to different people. Most people can safely enjoy playing the battery once in awhile, taking the occasional trip to a casino. There are a lot of jobs created by casinos. It can help someone be on track. Many people go to have fun, while for some people it’s a lifestyle. Despite the other problems like addiction, gambling is something that is very popular and it just continues to grow more and more, illegalizing this would cause problems and not end easily. The positiveRead MoreBrazil s President Dilma Rousseff Stalls Betting Legislation902 Words   |  4 PagesBrazil’s President Dilma Rousseff Stalls Betting Legislation Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff has put a lid on the progress of the 671-2015 legislation that was expected to offer provisions for the regulated spots betting and fixed odds. The president killed off an attempt to legalize sports betting by vetoing 36 clauses before signing a bill that was earlier approved by the country’s senate. President Dilma fears that the bill lacks proper mechanisms to prevent possible social impact. AccordingRead MoreState Of New York Vs Draftkings And Fanduel2314 Words   |  10 PagesFanDuel Introduction Since the inception of fantasy sports companies, very few industries have grown this significantly in such a short time span. Since the surge in popularity of daily fantasy betting FanDuel and DraftKings have launched aggressive efforts to expand in order to reach the 51 million current fantasy sports users in the US and Canada alone. Although approximately 38% of Americans admitted to betting on sports in 2008, fantasy sports companies are also experiencing increased scrutinyRead MoreImpact Of Gambling On The United States1647 Words   |  7 Pagespresent day United States. As gambling grows as a worldwide enterprise, it expands the United States with the opportunities it provides and the attention it consumes. Gambling as a whole benefits different recreational activities and events such as sports. Gambling also allows people visiting places like Las Vegas to enjoy playing poker with friends and even winning money after a game of poker or Slot Machine. Gambling allows many activit ies to be expanded to their full potential and offer people theRead MoreAndrew Isaac. Honors English 10. Period 2. 6 April 2017.1627 Words   |  7 Pagespresent day United States. As gambling grows as a worldwide enterprise, it expands the United States with the opportunities it provides and the attention it consumes. Gambling as a whole benefits different recreational activities and events such as sports. Gambling also allows people visiting places like Las Vegas to enjoy playing poker with friends and even winning money after a game of poker or Slot Machine. Gambling allows many activities to be expanded to their full potential and offer people theRead MoreWestern Exportation Of Contemporary Casino Leisure1304 Words   |  6 PagesThe casino environment is a space of which I am quite familiar. I have spent a considerable proportion of my working life on the casino floor. During my time working for Crown and for other operations, I spent the majority of those years in the VIP ga ming rooms that specially catered for specific ethnicities. There are various factors that contribute to the relationship between casinos and the Chinese and Vietnamese peoples. In the following essay I explore the Western exportation of contemporaryRead MoreGambling and Sports1027 Words   |  5 PagesShould Sports Gambling Be Legalized? Gambling is a common practice throughout human history, one that appeals to the individual’s desire for gain and offers the thrill of risk or uncertainty. Sports gambling is the â€Å"wagering of money or other items of value on the outcome of a sporting event, dependent either wholly or in part on chance† (Thompson, 2008, p. 1). Sports gambling generates billions of dollars annually, with large events like the Super Bowl or World Series alone able toRead MoreGambling Legalization1808 Words   |  8 Pageswhich employs hundreds; but which contributes little to the general good of the Bahamian people.† (The Bahama Journal 2008). There are many aspects of gambling that can indeed be looked upon positively. â€Å"Gambling comes in many forms, including betting in casinos, racetracks, sporting events, lotteries, bingo games and even virtual gambling on the Internet† (Oddo 2007) Gambling should indeed be legalized, because it will help our economy and society in many ways. If gambling is practiced it’ll give

Investigating the 2012 Olympics Stadium and the Wembley Stadium Free Essays

string(175) " Agency is also responsible for skills and employment programmes, plan to boost common games participation as well as proposing London as a place to do big or small business\." 1.Introduction Project management has changed to plan, manage as well as organize the complex and different performances of modern industrial, business and organization change and IT projects. Every projects share a common feature which is the projection of ideas and performance into new activities. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigating the 2012 Olympics Stadium and the Wembley Stadium or any similar topic only for you Order Now The pervasive factor of risk and uncertainty means that the actions and tasks leading to completing the project can certainly not be predicted with total accuracy. Cases of projects that have gone beyond their expenses by massive sum of money, not on time or being neglected before completion, such failures are common and seen in all kinds of projects in manufacturing, business and the public sector. The purpose of project management is to predict various risk and trouble as possible and to plan, manage and organize activities so that projects are completed successfully in spite of all the risks. The main aim of a project manager is for the product of the project to suit what the client as well as all the other major stakeholders requested for, within the promised timescale and without asking for additional money or resources than what was initially budgeted. The Olympic Stadium will host the Athletics and Paralympics Athletics events at the London 2012 Games, as well as the Opening and Closing Ceremonies. The Olympic Stadium is a professional stadium intended to be as sustainable as possible while catering for an Olympic event. The Olympic Stadium design was promoted as an example of sustainable progress; however a number of architecture reviewer have queried both its aesthetic value and suitability as a national icon especially when compared to Beijing National Stadium. Wembley stadium is a 90,000-capacity venue is the second largest stadium in Europe, and serves as England’s national stadium. It is the home venue of the England national football team, and hosts the latter stages of the top level domestic club cup competition, the FA Cup. 2. Olympic Stadium Overview The games Every four years, a new Host City begins its preparations for the Summer Olympic Games and Paralympics Games. The timing and the preparation are usually conducted under intense analysis, with the motive to meet the deadline for the completion of the project prior to the delivery of the project. The London’s 2012 Olympics games bid was based on the fact that it will make a massive change in London as well as the United Kingdom through the Olympic Games and Paralympics’ Games. The location of the 2012 Games will be the Olympic Park in east London, which is known for its diverse communities in the United Kingdom, and at the western edge of the Thames Gateway the biggest regeneration project in Europe. 2.1 The organisations There are two major organisations that there main focus is to make sure the delivering of the London 2012 Games is remarkable, they are namely: 2.1.1 The London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (LOCOG): this organisation is responsible for plannin g and staging the Olympics Games. LOCOG is a private company limited by guarantee, and makes approximately all its financial support from the sale of tickets and products, sponsorship and broadcasting revenues which could be a total of ?2 billion. The London 2012 brands the support the games needs to be very confined to ensure that the funds can be raised and use for the intended purpose. 2.1.2 The Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA): this organisation is responsible for building the new venues and infrastructure for the Games, and make sure that they have a practical legacy use. The ODA is also responsible for converting the Olympics park for long-term use after the games is over. The ODA, which is also the planning authority for the Olympic Park site in east London, is a public body supported through council tax, National Lottery and regeneration funding. The ODA’s work is underpinned by six main concern themes which are: design and accessibility, employment and skills, equality and inclusion, health, safety and security, sustainability, and legacy. LOCOG and the ODA are supported by the different London 2012 stakeholders, who are also responsible for ensuring that United Kingdom athlete, London, and the United Kingdom as a whole gain as much as possible from the 2012 Games. 2.2 The London 2012 stakeholders 2.2.1 The British Olympic Association (BOA) The BOA chooses leads and prepares Team GB at every summer, winter and Youth Olympic Games. The BOA is not supported financially or controlled by government as it is completely dependent upon commercial sponsorship and fundraising income to provide the support for Team GB. The BOA is also responsible for promoting the Olympic spirit and ideas through the charitable arm which is known as the British Olympic Foundation. 2.2.2 The Department for Culture, Media Sport (DCMS) The Department for Culture, Media Sport (DCMS) is responsible for the London Olympic Games and Paralympic Games Act 2006, the generally finances of the Games, and sponsorship of the Olympic Delivery Authority. The Department for Culture, Media Sport (DCMS) is also responsible for putting together the legacy benefits taken by all the business enterprise, cultural, environmental, educational and wider sporting proposal that will place all over the country as a result of the game before, during and after the London 2012. 2.2.3 The Mayor of London Boris Johnson, the mayor of London, works with the Greater London Authority (GLA) Group ensuring that all Londoners get the most possible benefit from the 2012 Games. He is also responsible for ensuring. The Mayor of London is also a member of the Chairpersons of the Olympic Board, which manages the 2012 project. The mayor of London is also directing some few departments that works together to ensure that the London 2012 is a success and they are namely: 2.2.3.1 The London Development Agency The Mayor’s London Development Agency (LDA) is responsible for the physical, social and economic legacy of the Olympic Park area. The Mayor’s London Development Agency is also responsible for skills and employment programmes, plan to boost common games participation as well as proposing London as a place to do big or small business. You read "Investigating the 2012 Olympics Stadium and the Wembley Stadium" in category "Essay examples" The Mayor’s London Development Agency is working in partnership with local authorities, London 2012, local communities, public sector bodies and other organisations in the planning and delivery of new communities and the restoration that they can support. 2.2.3.2 Transport for London The Transport for London is also under the Mayor of London’s direction, it is spending billions of pounds to bring a transport legacy for east London before 2012, to ensure that the east London area have a constant increase in transport investmen 2.2.3.3 The Olympic Park Regeneration Steering Group (OPRSG) The Olympic Park Regeneration Steering Group (OPRSG) offers direction of the Olympic legacy agenda for east and south east London. Its main concern is to ensure the development and delivery of the Legacy Master plan Framework. The purpose of the framework is set out a clear vision for the upcoming progress of the Olympic Park and its immediate environment, which will commences as soon as the games are over. 2.2.4 The Olympic Board The Olympic Board offers oversight, strategic coordination and monitoring of the entire 2012 Games project, making sure that the delivery of the pledge made to the IOC when the games was being awarded to London as well as a lasting legacy from the staging of the games. 2.2.5 Olympic Park Legacy Company The Olympic Park Legacy Company is responsible for the long-term planning, development, management and maintenance of the Olympic Park and its facilities after the London 2012 Games. The Olympic Park Legacy Company plans to develop the park to a new and successful park of the London city. 2.2.6 The British Paralympic Association (BPA) The British Paralympic Association (BPA) is responsible for sending off the best and finest prepared team to represent Great Britain at the winter and Summer Paralympic Games. At the Beijing Paralympic Games Paralympics GB had their most successful Games ever, winning 42 gold medals and finishing second on the medal table. The British Paralympic Association is also responsible for promoting the Paralympic Movement in the UK. 2.2.7: The five Host Boroughs The five Host Boroughs which are namely Greenwich, Hackney, Newham, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest are also key partners in supporting and delivering the Games in east London. Apart from the core area of the Games there are many other local authorities, both in London and elsewhere in the United Kingdom that will play host to Games venues, training camps and cultural activities. 3 The London 2012 Sustainability Plan London 2012 and the London 2012 stakeholders share a commitment to maximise sustainability, and the beneficial impact of the 2012 Games, across all these phases of the 2012 programme. The opening of the Olympic Games in London on 27 July 2012 is drawing close, and many plans and ideas are still in development. Sustainability, particularly, is a fast developing discipline, with new methods and technologies constantly being created to lessen ecological impacts and make best use of the social and economic benefits. The London 2012 Sustainability Plan covers the three main phases of the Games programme: Training: 2012 Games training concentrates on the proposal and building of the Olympic Park along with other permanent site and infrastructure. Event production: the lack of dependable data from other events makes it complicated to categorize targets and set new targets. Building a lasting and sustainable legacy: The 2012 Games have to secure a motivated and long-term physical and social legacy for the Olympic Park area and around the UK. The amenities and the Olympic Park itself will be the platform for a detailed, in progress and environmentally responsible regeneration programme. 4. The Olympic Stadium Analysis The Olympic Stadium design was endorsed as example of sustainable development, although a number of architecture reviewers have questioned both its aesthetic value and suitability as a national icon especially when compared to Beijing National Stadium. The Olympic stadium design was launched on 7 November 2007. The architect, Populous, is an architectural company which focus on the design of sports facilities and conference centre, as well as planning of major special events. The Sydney’s Olympic bid used the Olympics to change its focus and brought about change, The Sydney’s Olympic also used the Olympics as a means of placing environmental permit to the public so as to think about sport and the change about to be implemented through delivering metropolitan regeneration. For many cities and countries, sport is now a means for making inward investment as well as reinforcing Brownfield sites; the strategy was used in Manchester and Melbourne (Commonwealth Games of 2002 and 2006 respectively), in Germany (2006 World Cup) and is currently being used by Glasgow in its bid for the 2014 Commonwealth Games. London won its bid on the back of three factors each of which factored in the concept of legacy; 1) London is known as one of the world’s most culturally and ethnically diverse populations 2) London is concerned about restoring one of the unprivileged areas of the city, which is in progress, by providing a legacy of amenities for local people 3) The benefactors of the Olympics are said to children, with the idea that different nations could link through sport. This point is said to be cause that made London’s bid stand out of the rest of the nation bids. The costs of hosting the Olympics are considerable, and have huge impacts upon people, space and financial commitment. London’s bid – unlike that of Paris – was focused upon a complete re-brand and re-construction of a brownfield site along the Lea Valley in east London. A range of new facilities is to be built in the area, together with the use of existing stadia for football. There is little doubt that the media will focus upon the impacts of the Olympics in terms of their costs. The same focus occurred in Sydney in the 5-6 years leading up to 2000, particularly in respect of costs arising from the remediation of polluted sites. Economic Impacts The government announced in January 2009 that more than 30,000 new jobs will be created between 2009 and 2012. Recent news coverage suggests the construction workforce for the Olympic site is expected to increase to around 6,000 by the end of 2009, despite the economic downturn which is affecting many other parts of the construction industry. As with Sydney, projected costs have proved to be gross underestimates. It is fair to ask whether the figures can now balance. The UK Government estimated in mid-2007 that costs would reach ?10 billion, over four times the original estimate, but that these would be exceeded by the scale of benefits. It is worth noting here that – Wembley Stadium apart – virtually every sports regeneration and construction project in the UK in recent years (e.g. Arsenal Emirates Stadium, Manchester Commonwealth Games) has been completed on time and to budget. The likely outcome is, therefore, that budgets will have been revised, but will be delivered, and that the deadlines are likely to be met with room to spare. Environmental Impacts Sydney branded itself as the world’s first ‘Green Olympics’. The plans for London have developed this concept further, with a focus upon environmental improvement, in some cases designed by the same design personnel responsible for Sydney. The central focus is Olympic Park, the first major park in London for over a century. The total economic impact is the sum of direct, indirect, and induced impacts resulting from the Games. The direct impact can be attributed to purchases of Games organisers in the preparation and execution of the Olympic and Paralympic Games. Indirect impacts are felt in the goods and service industries that supply the industries that receive expenditures by Games organisers. Induced impacts are generated from the spending by people employed indirectly or directly by Games expenditures On a note of caution, none of the previous Olympics, not even Sydney, have significantly increased sports participation to a level or duration where this might conceivably lead to health benefits. It will need a high risk carefully thought through approach to succeed. Managing Change On a project of this scale and profile the team have had to be extremely flexible and adaptable to change. Requirements from the Olympic Delivery Authority side have remained consistent but as the London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games (LOCOG) began to ramp up their work, they made some changes to the project scope. As an example of this, it was agreed that the technology needed for the opening ceremony would be installed as part of the construction of the stadium rather than at the end. This additional work was not part of the original project scope, and so led to some delays while the works were catered for. However, the integrated approach of the team to challenges such as these has meant that the team were confident that these changes could be absorbed without affecting the overall programme. There are many forums established to facilitate learning between projects across the park. Park wide health and safety forums are held regularly and cross park meetings are regularly held at every level from CLM project manager, to director, to environmental manager meetings. A team from the project visited the Beijing Olympics so that any lessons from that project could be taken forward. In addition, the International Olympic Committee provided top tips from previous Olympic games Constraints and challenges There are limits on what can be achieved by London 2012. They do not lessen our ambition, but they need to be presented openly:– Some plans, for example for the treatment of waste during and after the 2012 Games, will depend on the provision of facilities and technologies that are not yet in place. Where this is the case, we can only signal our intention, and set out the developments that we will depend on to make this intention a reality.– The 2012 Games can act as a catalyst for new building technologies and new approaches to staging events, but the approaches used must be robust enough to cope with the largest event in the world and to take account of immovable deadlines, the priorities of sport and security, and contractual obligations to sponsors and rights holders.– The work being done to integrate sustainability into event planning and management is ground breaking. Although many other major events, including previous Games, have carried out ‘greenin g’ initiatives, there is very little reliable quantitative information on which to base strategies and targets. – Budgets must be respected: value for money does not mean lowering ambitions to achieve the lowest costs, but economic viability (and the added value that can be achieved through sustainable procurement) must be seen as an integral part of overall sustainability.– London 2012 can commit to the standards it will meet, but in other areas we can only influence, using the huge inspirational power of the Games to encourage others to change their behaviour, for example by encouraging international spectators to minimise the carbon impact of their travel to the UK. For specific cases, like a number of transport infrastructure projects, London 2012 is a part-funder but does not have complete control. 3. Wembley Overview Wembley was designed by architects HOK Sport and Foster and Partners with engineers Mott MacDonald, built by Multiplex and funded by Sport England, WNSL (Wembley National Stadium Limited), the Football Association, the Department for Culture Media and Sport and the London Development Agency. It is the most expensive stadium ever built at a cost of ?798 million and has the largest roof-covered seating capacity in the world. The all seater stadium is based around a bowl design with a capacity of 90,000, protected from the elements by a sliding roof that does not completely enclose it. It can also be adapted as an athletic stadium by erecting a temporary platform over the lowest tier of seating. The stadium’s signature feature is a circular section lattice arch of 7 m (23 ft) internal diameter with a 315 m (1,033 ft) span, erected some 22 ° off true, and rising to 140 m (459 ft) tall. It supports all the weight of the north roof and 60% of the weight of the retractable roof on the southern side. The archway is the world’s longest unsupported roof structure. The initial plan for the reconstruction of Wembley was for demolition to begin before Christmas 2000, and for the new stadium to be completed sometime during 2003, but this work was delayed by a succession of financial and legal difficulties. It was scheduled to open on 13 May 2006, with the first game being that year’s FA Cup Final. However, worries were expressed as to whether the stadium would actually be completed on time. The new stadium was completed and handed over to the FA on 9 March 2007, with the total cost of the project (including local transport infrastructure redevelopment and the cost of financing) estimated to be ?1 billion. The delays started from the very start. The procurement process to contractor followed a twin track approach. Multiplex, who ultimately won the contract, were given preferential treatment from the start. The official Wembley Stadium website announced that the stadium would be open for public viewing for local residents of Brent on 3 March 2007, however the event was delayed by two weeks and instead happened on 17 March. The keys to the new Wembley stadium were finally handed over to the owners on 9 March 2007 ready to be open and used for upcoming FA Cup football matches, concerts and other events. 2.1 stakeholders The Football Association The FA was founded in 1863 as the governing body for football in England. The FA is responsible for all regulatory aspects of the game of football in England and is responsible for promoting the development of the game at every level. The FA runs the England Teams, The FA Cup, The FA Community Shield, Women’s Football, The FA Youth Cup and a range of other competitions. Every year the stadium hosts all home, senior England International games, The FA Cup final and semi-finals, The FA Community Shield and The FA Vase and Trophy Finals. Wembley National Stadium Limited, the company that operates Wembley Stadium, is a fully owned subsidiary of The FA. Department of Culture, Media and Sport The sponsoring department for Sport England. The department is led by the Secretary of State, Rt Hon Tessa Jowell MP, who sits in the Cabinet. The Department is providing ?20million of funding towards the stadium project. This contribution will pay for non-stadium infrastructure improvements to the Wembley area. Sport England A Government agency, formerly The Sports Council. It leads the development of sport in England by influencing and serving the public, private and voluntary sectors. It is responsible for the administration of the sports section of the National Lottery in England. A ?120million Lottery Grant funded the purchase of the old Wembley Stadium. The London Development Agency The London Development Agency is the capitals economic development body, promoting economic renewal and development. It’s one of nine Regional Development Agencies. Working for the Mayor – and in partnership with businesses and other organisations – it benefits all Londoners by delivering economic development and regeneration for the capital. The LDA has contributed ?21million to the project Controversy and events during construction When the project first started, it was delayed for two years due to financial and political difficulties before eventually getting underway in late 2002. The stadium was supposed to be completed by May 2006 for the FA Cup Final, but this was transferred to Cardiff following consultation with Multiplex about when the stadium would be finished. Multiplex was unable to complete the stadium within the scheduled time and had to pay penalties. In December 2008, Multiplex sued the stadium designer Mott MacDonald for ?253m saying that it was denied access to key design information that led to increased steelwork costs. A few construction problems were highlighted during the project. The first was a problem between Multiplex and the steel contractor Cleveland Bridge. Cleveland Bridge walked off the job in 2004 shortly before the arch was raised because they did not believe they would be paid for materials and there were irrevocable difficulties between the two parties. The problems resulted in two high-profile court cases where the two companies sued each other for breach of contract (Multiplex sued for ?45m and Cleveland Bridge sued for ?22.5m to recover what it believed it was owed). In September 2008, Multiplex won the case and received ?6m from Cleveland. The second problem involved a temporary roof support rafter, which fell by over half a metre in March 2006. This resulted in the evacuation of 3,000 construction workers and delayed worked while inspections and reports were carried out. The project began again shortly afterwards. Later, in March 2006, a third problem came to light. The sewers under the stadium had buckled due to ground movement. Remedial work started later on. The stadium was scheduled to be completed by late summer 2006; however, it was completed in March 2007 moving the scheduled sport events to other stadium. Analysis It is easy to see the impact of failed project management in works such as Wembley stadium. It damaged the reputation which hampers the ability to gain further work. Customers were very dissatisfied as they were hoping that it`s construction will be completed on time. Cost was so over ruined that lead to huge loss of profit. This project damaged the relationship with sub-contractors and other business partners, financial penalties were paid to the workforce and there was a huge amount of low morale amongst the workforce. First we look at the Time, cost and The Legal battle over the Wembley stadium issue. The first major problem concerning Wembley stadium was the time and cost issue. Wembley stadium was almost delayed for eight long years. Plans for a new national stadium have been dogged by delays, management problems and spiralling costs since Wembley was chosen in December 1996. The designs were unveiled in 1999. This was due to several problems .when the project first started it was delayed for two yrs due to financial and political difficulties but got underway in 2002.This guide to Multiplex paying penalties for the late finishing of the contract although they have threatened to sue WNSL over changes in the design which they suggest the main reason responsible for the project being late. The first problem was between multiplex and the steel contractor Cleveland Bridge, Bridge walled away from the job in 2004 because they believe that they were not going to be paid for materials and there were irrevocable difficulties between two parties. On the other hand the temporary roof support which fell by over half a metre in march 2006 which resulted in the evacuation of 3000 construction workers and delayed work while inspections and reports were carried out .Later in march 2006 the problem of light came in context .The sewers under the stadium had buckled due to ground movement ,Remedial work was put into action for this and is currently nearing completion.It is also been claimed by multiplex that wrong type of concrete was used in the foundation The financial pressures on Wembley could increase if the Olympic Stadium in Stratford is retained as an 80,000-capacity stadium following the games. If the Olympic Stadium were to be retained as an 80,000-capacity venue, an idea that is again gaining ground, it could harm the future viability of both. Wembley made a loss of ?23m in 2008 once depreciation, interest payments and tax were taken into account. Despite refinancing its loans, the operating company faces several years of onerous interest payments on the ?757m stadium. The continuing strain that Wembley places on the FA’s accounts has become more significant in the wake of the collapse of Setanta’s ?150m broadcasting deal. The FA is hoping to conclude a replacement deal with the BBC for the remaining FA Cup rights but is likely to have to accept a significant drop in income. Construction challenges The construction presented a number of challenges. No stadium has ever been built this way, so architects and engineers had to use complex computer models to predict how the structure would behave if built in certain ways. Given the special history of the previous Wembley Stadium, the designers had to pay particular attention to the atmosphere of the stadium, including the way it will sound with a full crowd cheering. Again, computers were used to simulate the acoustics of the new stadium before the design was agreed upon. http://plagiarism.pro/ http://www.crossrefme.net/scripts/report7.php http://searchenginereports.net/articlecheck.aspx http://www.duplichecker.com/search.asp http://www.dustball.com/cs/plagiarism.checker/ Reference ^ â€Å"Work begins on 2012 Olympic field†. BBC News. 2010-05-23. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8699319.stm. ^ â€Å"News: New era of stadium design begins with Olympic Stadium – London 2012†. http://www.london2012.com/news/media-releases/2007-11/new-era-of-stadium-design-begins-with-olympic-stadium.php. Retrieved 2008-08-05. http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2009/nov/17/wembley-stadium-2012-olympic-games How to cite Investigating the 2012 Olympics Stadium and the Wembley Stadium, Essay examples

Strategic Supply Chain Management & Logistics -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theStrategic Supply Chain Management Logistics for Speed. Answer: Introduction Organizations uses supply chain management system in order to maximize their efficiency and speed and optimizing the operational functionalities. Christopher (2016) stated that organization value speed in business as customer always prefers fast service. However, Stadtler (2015) argued that if an organization only considers on speed, the quality of the business operation might get compromised and thus efficiency is equally important. Thus, for maintaining both the speed and efficiency implementation of supply chain management system is required. The main function of supply chain management process is the storage and movement of both work- in- progress goods and final products fro manufacturing site to the point of consumption. In this business report, the supply chain management process and a plan for effective SCM strategies will be discussed. The organization hat is taken into consideration is Landmark Group in United Arab Emirates. The major operations of this group is retailing of apparel, cosmetics, electronics products, footwear and other home improvements. In this business assessment, the importance of effective supply chain management will be illustrated along with the link between SCM and business functions, key drivers for integrated SCM strategy and incorporation of information technology in the SCM. This business report will also address the role of logistics in supply chain management and procurement practices in supply chain. Effective strategies will also develop to improve the SCM and the benefit of overall business performance will also be elaborated. Lastly, explanation for how a well implemented supply chain improvement strategy will overcome the barrier of business functions will also b e addressed. Discussion Importance of supply chain management Importance of effective supply chain management in achieving organizational objectives Jacobs and Chase (2013) stated supply chain management directly or indirectly fulfills their demands and assure that they can get their products on time. Tayur et al. (2012) also highlight that the major stakeholders in SCM are manufacturer, marketers, warehouses, transporters, retailer and lastly the consumers. The prime aim of SCM is to maximize the overall value generated so that the supply chain profitability can be enhanced. Monczka et al. (2015) described that the difference in the amount paid by the customers to purchase the products and the total cost incurred to formulate the product is known as supply chain profitability. One of the major objectives that all organization desire to attain is looking for different sources of revenue and cost. In case of Landmark group they have implemented multiple business operation which ion incorporation with supply chain management attains the cost quality improvements and shortening the time for order and deliver it to the end customer, thus, attaining maximum profitability which on the other hand is a major organizational objective. Moreover, an efficient SCM can obtain a good understanding of business characteristics and provides flexible planning and control mechanism. SCM also reduces transportation cost or the resource that is given to third party provides which increases the overall annual revenue- another organizational objective. Link between supply chain management and business functions in an organization The basic link between these two factors is that maintaining SCM is a working approach of business function. Ahi and Searcy (2013) stated that the more effective is the SCM, the more efficient will be a company to obtain its goal. Moreover, SCM engage an organization in three levels- strategic, tactical and operational. Managing authority is liable to decide how the implemented SCM will work, while; tactical approach shows what features to be included in the SCM. Lastly, the organization also decides how the system actually works so that it can obtain the desired organizational aims. Process of organizational function can be witnessed from product development, where an organization plans for a new product launch when their old products get unnoticed. In such cases SCM plays a crucial role to set new product in the market. Sarkis (2012) furthermore includes that many company differential their other subsidiary which also handled by SCM of the parent company. In such context, the SCM i s closely related to obtain overall business functions. Lastly, SCM is associated with the external business environment and with the help of SCM; an organization can identify their position in market competition (Agus and Shukri Hajinoor 2012). Key drivers for achieving an integrated supply chain strategy in an organization Some of the key drivers for obtaining an integrated SCM strategy are procurement process and customer service management process. Walker and Jones (2012) stated in procurement process, the tactics with the supplier to maintain the manufacturing current management is required for new product development. In case of Landmark Group, it has an international presence and thus, these manufacturing details have to be taken on an international basis so that costumer demands and market competition in each territory can be identified. Monczka et al. (2015) describes that in some cases, collaboration with suppliers from other nation should be obtained so that they can take benefit from each other and the total time for satisfying the consumer need can be reduced. On the other hand, customer service management process refers to a situation where customer gets the real time information on product accessibility. Landmark Group utilizes approaches like- preserving the customer relationship by provi ding them accurate information regarding their products, verifying associated goals both for customer and organization and lastly producing optimistic feeling for future association by attractive product development. Effectiveness of supply chain management strategies Effectiveness of strategies used by Landmark to maintain supplier relationships Efficient management of the SCM is the important way to manage their suppliers. Landmark Group implements sourcing strategies, the way they managed and the way they exchange policies with other territories. Wisner et al. (2014) depicted that maintaining supplier relationships is crucial for being the customer of choice, fosters partnership based on trust, managing working capital and setting clear expectations and KPIs. It is also said by Chan et al. (2012) that effective strategies of Landmark for managing supplier relationships improve supply chain sustainability. Landmark Group understands the cost and value of the entire supply chain system. They always share the information of cost involved in raw materials and final products with the supplier. Johnson (2014) also highlight that the concerned organization also accepts accountability and plan sufficiently in order to request orders from suppliers. The prime reason for that is emergency handling of supplier management not always p rovide a positive result. Landmark Group spend equal time aligning incentives and penalties to the suppliers on achieving their goals and if they make any unnecessary halts. Utilizing information technology to create strategies to develop an organizations relationship with the suppliers Landmark Group utilizes many technologies which is used to develop relationship with their suppliers and that are- analyze the actual information about the market trends sales and orders. The managers also predict and respond rapidly changes in demand. All the suppliers are connected through digital technology like e-mails and spreadsheet via networks. However, the real-time data are not available with all the suppliers and thus in recent times; the technology of cloud is considered. This technology also allow the organization to forecast systems or inventory planning, enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and online analytical processing systems in order to analyze history sales performance. Priem and Swink (2012) stated that the advantage of ERP system is that connecting order and purchasing system is easily achieved and thus all the suppliers can place and track their orders. All these IT allow the Landmark Group to develop an effective relationship with their suppliers IT in supply chain management Assistance of information technology integration of different parts of the supply chain of an organization Golicic and Smith (2013) stated that role of IT plays a crucial role in integrating different parts of the supply chain within the organization. The working departments where the IT technology integrates the business is as follows: Allocation network strategies Wieland and Marcus Wallenburg (2012) stated that allocating resources denotes the planning of the technology for maintaining the supply chain process. Landmark Group on the other hand use the technology for allocating resources to warehouses and retailer. Implementing of the IT in allocating resources and maintaining details not only make the process fast but reduce the total holding and logistics costs. Formulation source strategy The two major components of the SCM that are logistics and production costs are integrated through this IT system. Prajogo and Olhager (2012) depicted that retailer like Landmark Group make some production line so famous that they produce that production line to such an extent that the total cost for production gets reduced and they do not have to include new technology by investing extra financial resources. Stadtler (2015) argued that the heavy production on the other hand results in greater transportation cost but the production in small batches related to the high fixed but the balance between the two selected process. Evaluation source strategy The IT system that is incorporated in this context is inventory control system that stores the information of the stock, economic order quantity and other details like weight of the products, manufacturing and expiry dates of the edible products. This technology allows Landmark Group to reduce the holding and ordering costs and also helps in avoiding the adversity of over stocking and under stocking of products. Contribution of information technology in the management of the supply chain of an organization Jacobs and Chase (2013) stated that the information technology helps in maintaining all the real time details and then maintain the data accurately without any redundancy. However, the information technology helps in rapid procedure to information and provides customer service. The IT system manages all the detail of the customer and their orders that helps in fulfilling their demands in time. Fawcettn et al. (2013) also stated that it leads to the reduction in use of paper and manual work. All the automation technology helps the Landmark Group to maintain the files and track the orders effectively. Thus, there is an increase in productivity as due to automation technology all the order reached to their customer before time. Baltzan (2012) also stated that implementation of IT results in improved tracing and expediting approach also leads to reduce in cost. Moreover, implementation of IT results in competitive advantage through the POS system where all the billing and weighting proce ss scan be attained automatically. Effectiveness of information technology in managing the supply chain of an organization Sarkis (2012) stated that information technology offers many opportunity like it is comparatively less capital intensive which means that it saves lot of financial resources which on the other hand increases the annual revenue. The IT technology is also clean and environmental friendly which on the other hand enhance the CPD rating of the organization. Dyckhoff et al. (2013) on the other hand argued that electricity consumption might raise the problem of global warming but in this case also Landmark Group introduces the green IT technology system. Another benefit of IT technology is that the process can be maintained without bounding to a particular geographic location. The maintenance of IT technology does not need expensive infrastructure facilities and thus, not much cost is required for implementing IT system. It technology helps in obtaining better control on inventory at different level of supply chain management system. The IT system also keeps better utilization of manpower a nd avoids the process of stealing from inventory. Krajewski et al. (2013) depicted that with the help of IT technology; details about different supplier can be found from any corner of the world and then select a reliable supplier for business. Incorporation of the IT in SCM also results in reduction of lead times of the material supply and retrieval time of the documented information as sharing of information can be attain instantly. Role of logistics in supply chain management Role of logistics in supply chain management in an organization Traditionally, SCM is understood to be a process that involves in the process of transportation of products from one place to other. However, in recent times, Landmark Group utilizes the SCM for material management, channel management and distribution of the products. Material management The SCM allows the organization note all the required information that is needed for the management of products like the storage of the products and how many items are present in every slot of shipments. Ross (2016) stated that this is also known as management of warehouses, where the organization can acquire and arrange the store supplies, manage warehouse functions, ensures and updating goods receipt and record keeping for all material issues, returns along with the damaged products. Channel management SCM plays a crucial role in channel management where marketing channels for the promotion of the developed products is considered. The channel management also refers to the strategic partnerships with the suppliers and retail customers through effective communication technology. The channel management also contains technology leveraging in order to increase efficiency through cooperation of all parties, automatic order systems that furthermore decrease delivery lead times. Distribution of the products Winter and Knemeyer (2013) stated that the distributed management refers to movement of goods from supplier or manufacturer and fulfils the approaches of packaging, inventory, warehousing, logistics and supply chain. The SCM process should check the availability of the resources whether or not they are able to fulfill all the customer demands and then the product is transferred to one place to another. Incorporation of technology like barcodes and RFID technology, tracking of all the packages can be attained successfully. Procurement practices in an organization The Landmark Group follows procurement and Supply Chain (PSC) policies in order to support the approaches in the SCM that they are following. The prime objective of the organization is to produce and market food products that can fulfill the demand of customers and consumer prospect. Landmark Group opted for two kind of procurement strategies- Pre competitive and Competitive. Pre-competitive strategy This strategy deals with the association that Landmark Group developed with other nations. The concerned organization collaborated with local farmers so that they can get raw material not only in low process but also can get the fresh item for their hospitability. Moreover, they also developed partnership with local stores in order to offer their products to end-customers. Competitive strategy Landmark Group follows this strategy in order to attain the leading position in UAE. The competitive strategy deals to encourage the sustainable SCM practices for effective supply and mounting privileged contractor contracts. Factors that must be considered when improving logistics and procurement practices The important factors that ensures the civilization of logistics and procurement practices are- inventory management, warehouse, transportation, effective order processing, material handling and effective information system. Inventory management- The action of controlling ordering, storage and delivery of the products from storage system is known as inventory management. The availability of stock is evaluated in this process and thus, better management of stock leads to improve logistics and procurement practices. Warehouse- The effectiveness of the product and information flow in between the supply and beneficiaries results in better warehouse management which on the other hand improving logistics and procurement practices in Landmark Group. Transportation- Landmark Group uses a combination of different transportation modes like- sea freight for transporting their products to other nation, roads based on the feasibility of the used cargos. The company also have several distribution points nearly located to the final location like regional distribution centre (RDC), origin consolidated freight stations (CFS) and central distribution centre (CDC). Effective order processing- Implementation of IT system allow the organization to get the order from customer in real time and then fulfill the order through the effective transportation system. This process will also enhance the logistics and procurement practices. It can also be said that the information technology also enhances the quality of the SCM. Strategy to improve supply chain management Strategy to improve an organizations supply chain Some strategies that Landmark can use to improve their supply chain management are: Reduction in cost: All the process should be selected optimally so that the overall production cost can be reduced. Taken for instance, rather than hiring a third party provider for IT team in SCM they can also formulated in-house IT department, who can handle all the operational functionality of supply chain. Reduction in time: All the SCM operations should be implemented in such a way so that the total time for accomplishing all the tasks need lesser time. Regular and updated information should be communicated to each supplier so that they can collaboratively obtain al the organizational policies and objectives. Enhancement in quality: All the quality of the products should be enhanced and use of greener technology should also be incorporated so that people can prefer their brand compared to all other brands. The Landmark can also conduct customer survey so that exact demand can be identified. Benefit from supply chain improvement strategy overall business performance in an organization There are several reasons through which supply chain improvement strategy can improve the business performance. The improved strategy results in reduction in inventories that results in when the demands of customer arise, the organization produces the products.. This also leads in reduction of wastage of inventory. The improved system enhances the information sharing among the partners due to updated technology. The strategy also improves the customer service as everyone gets their required demand in time. Moreover, trust among partners can also be attained, which improves the partnership and both of them collaboratively work for attaining the organizational objectives. Thus, all the approach increased the organizational profitability. Overcome the barriers by implementing a supply chain improvement strategy Effective supply chain management system creates stronger connection with customers as the organization emphasizes on customer satisfaction. Warehouse and inventory management updates the required orders and then manufactures the desired order to fulfill the customer needs. The strategy also overcomes the barrier of complexity reduction as all the procedure is transparent with all suppliers and production will be done in a concise way. Moreover, it can also be said that by implementing the suggested supply chain improvement strategy, the organization can also attain improved internal collaboration as it provides incentives and other benefits to their suppliers for obtaining the organizational goals. The SCM strategy also offer practical interdependencies with the product design, supply chain management along with the sales, marketing and finance. Reference List Agus, A. and Shukri Hajinoor, M., 2012. Lean production supply chain management as driver towards enhancing product quality and business performance: Case study of manufacturing companies in Malaysia. International Journal of Quality Reliability Management, 29(1), pp.92-121. Ahi, P. and Searcy, C., 2013. A comparative literature analysis of definitions for green and sustainable supply chain management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 52, pp.329-341. Baltzan, P., 2012. Business driven technology. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Chan, H.K., He, H. and Wang, W.Y., 2012. 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